these cases are based upon faulty reasoning and therefore choose to follow the law of the following jurisdictions which more closely conforms to Arizona law. See Cooter v. State Farm Fire and Casualty Co., 344 So.2d 496 (Ala.1977); Aetna Casualty and Surety Co. v. American Manufacturers Mutual Insurance Co., 261 Ark. 326, 547 S.W.2d 757 (1977); Barnstable County Mutual Fire Insurance Co. v. Lally,-Mass.-, 373 N.E.2d 966 (1970). We agree with the following reasoning in Cooter v. State Farm Fire & Casualty Company, supra:
“The plain wording of the exclusionary provision reveals the deficiency in this rationale. [The rationale of those courts which have held there was coverage.] While liability (apart from coverage) for negligent entrustment is not conditioned upon the entrustor’s ownership or use of the vehicle, negligent use by the one to whom it is entrusted is essential to recovery. It is the concurrence of these dual elements — negligent entrustment by the owner or custodian of the instrumentality plus its negligent use by the entrustee— that is missing in the rationale of those cases upholding coverage. Taken literally, this line of reasoning- — that negligent entrustment of the vehicle, and not its use, is the basis of insured’s alleged liability — the injured party could recover absent any showing that the incompetent to whom the vehicle is entrusted caused the injury by his negligent use of the vehicle. As we have already observed, this does not comport with the elements that make up this tort concept of negligent entrustment.
Those cases holding to the contrary have apparently confused the concept of joint tort feasor, which permits recovery against each of several defendants, and the contract restriction which voids coverage for such combined misconduct involving the use of the insured’s vehicle.” 344 So.2d at 4991
In order to prove negligent entrustment it is necessary for the plaintiff to show, among other things, that the defendant owned or controlled the motor vehicle concerned and gave the driver permission to operate the vehicle. It is evident that negligent entrustment as a distinct and specific cause of action is not exclusive of, but rather is derived from the more general concept of ownership, operation and use of a motor vehicle. Therefore, it would be illogical to conclude that the exclusionary clause does not apply specifically to negligent entrustment of the vehicle. See Barnstable County Mutual Fire Insurance Company v. Lally, supra. The homeowner’s policy exclusion at issue here does not apply when there is no connection between the use or operation of the automobile and the negligent act. See Brenner v. Aetna Insurance Co., 8 Ariz. App. 272, 445 P.2d 474 (1968). Since there would have been no accident in this case without the use or operation of an automobile, the exclusion clearly applies.
Affirmed.
RICHMOND, C. J., and JOHN P. COLLINS, Superior Court Judge, concurring.
NOTE: Judge James D. Hathaway, having recused himself in this matter, Judge John P. Collins was called to sit in his stead and participate in the determination of this decision.
1
Cooter assumes a situation when the driver is negligent. Actually there can be a situation in which there is negligent entrustment but no negligence on the part of the driver. However, in such a situation the driver’s operation or use of the vehicle is necessary before the tort or negligent entrustment arises.