helpful to him. In Kramer, the trial court had advised the defendant that, if he chose to testify, he might be impeached by a prior conviction. However, after the People had rested and the trial court had discussed with the defendant the procedure to be followed in presenting his defense, it omitted to tell him that he had the right not to testify. In Kramer, we concluded that the remarks of the trial court amounted to a suggestion that defendant testify and held that, under those circumstances, and where the defendant did testify, a warning of the right not to testify was required. In the present case, no such implied suggestion appears: this defendant did not testify. In People v. Glaser (1965) 238 Cal.App.2d 819 [48 Cal.Rptr. 427], the court discussed the decision in Kramer but held that, although the failure to warn a self-appearing defendant of his right not to testify might have afforded him relief on direct appeal, it was not a ground for the collateral attack therein being made.
Except for the two cases above discussed, we are cited to no cases directly involving the issue now before us, and we have found none. We are not inclined to extend Kramer beyond those cases in which a self-representing defendant elects, without warning of his right against self-incrimination, to testify in his own defense. That a self-representing defendant may, in fact, so conduct his defense as to bring about his own conviction was expressly recognized in Faretta, the Supreme Court saying (at p. 834 [45 L.Ed.2d at p. 581]): “It is undeniable that in most criminal prosecutions defendants could better defend with counsel’s guidance than by their own unskilled efforts. But where the defendant will not voluntarily accept representation by counsel, the potential advantage of a lawyer’s training and experience can be realized, if at all, only imperfectly. To force a lawyer on a defendant can only lead him to believe that the new law contrives against him. Moreover, it is not inconceivable that in some rare instances, the defendant might in fact present his case more effectively by conducting his own defense. Personal liberties are not rooted in the law of averages. The right to defend is personal. The defendant, and not his lawyer or the State, will bear the personal consequences of a conviction. It is the defendant, therefore, who must be free personally to decide whether in his particular case counsel is to his advantage. And although he may conduct his own defense ultimately to his own detriment, his choice must be honored out of ‘that respect for the individual which is the lifeblood of the law.’ Illinois v. Allen, 397 U.S. 337, 350-351 (Brennan, J., concurring).”